A hydrogen target is bombarded by pions. Calculate the threshold values of kinetic energies of these pions making possible the following reactions: (a) π−+p→K++Σ−\pi^{-}+p \rightarrow K^{+}+\Sigma^{-}π−+p→K++Σ− (b) π0+p→K++Λ0\pi^{0}+p \rightarrow K^{+}+\Lambda^{0}π0+p→K++Λ0.